The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency released a report Oct. 14 on its review of account denials and service limits at nine large national banks. The review examined bank policies and practices from 2020 through September 2025, including whether political, religious or lawful-business considerations influenced access to financial services. The OCC described examples and said its review could not quantify the full extent of the activity across the banks. The report follows a 2025 executive order and is the regulator’s account of its supervisory review; it is not a comprehensive count of every customer affected. The findings reopen a central banking question: how to distinguish legitimate legal and risk controls from decisions that deny services for reasons unrelated to a customer’s financial conduct.